Guide · 7 min read · June 14, 2026
RO e-Factura: Romania's mandatory e-invoicing system explained
RO e-Factura is Romania's national electronic invoicing system, operated by ANAF. Instead of sending a PDF or paper invoice directly to your client, the invoice is transmitted as a structured XML file through ANAF's platform, which validates it and delivers it to the recipient. For most business transactions in Romania, this is no longer optional.
What RO e-Factura actually is
It is a mandatory electronic reporting and delivery system. You generate the invoice in the required XML format (based on the European EN 16931 standard) and transmit it through SPV / e-Factura. The Ministry of Finance system performs automated checks and applies its electronic seal to the XML made available to the recipient. Transmission deadlines and the legal effect of the system depend on the transaction type; it is not accurate to describe every invoice as awaiting ANAF approval before it exists.
Who must use it, and since when
| Transaction type | Mandatory since | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| B2B (business to business) | 1 July 2024 | Full mandate — only e-invoices are legally valid |
| B2G (business to government) | 2022 | Earliest segment to go live |
| B2C (business to consumer) | 1 January 2025 | Optional from mid-2024, then mandatory |
If you run a Romanian company (SRL), a PFA, or any VAT-registered activity that issues invoices to other Romanian businesses, you are in scope.
The 5-day deadline
An invoice must be transmitted to RO e-Factura within 5 calendar days of the date it was issued. Miss that window and the invoice is treated as not reported. This is a common trap for small businesses and foreign-owned companies who are used to invoicing on their own schedule.
Penalties for non-compliance
Failure to transmit invoices through the system carries fines that scale with company size — broadly from around 1,000 RON for small taxpayers up to 10,000 RON for large ones, per the relevant legislation. Separately, accepting and booking an invoice received outside the e-Factura system can trigger a penalty equal to a percentage of the invoice value. The amounts change over time, but the direction is clear: staying outside the system is expensive.
How e-invoices reach you
Incoming e-invoices land in your SPV / e-Factura space at ANAF, in Romanian, as XML. There is no friendly email saying "you have a new invoice". You are expected to check the platform. For a foreign-owned business this is a double barrier: the document is both in a technical format and in a language you may not read.
How FiscAlert helps
FiscAlert retrieves your e-Factura documents from the ANAF cloud — these are fetched server-side, so they keep arriving even when your PC is off — and presents each one translated and summarised in your language.
- Incoming e-invoices listed clearly, with supplier and amount surfaced
- Each document translated into your chosen language
- Works alongside your SPV monitoring in one inbox
- Optional daily email alerts when new e-invoices arrive
The 30-day free trial lets you connect and see your real e-Factura and SPV flow translated before you commit.